Why did Joe Biden decide to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan despite the possibility of a resurgence of the Taliban and Al Qaeda?

 

Why did Joe Biden decide to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan despite the possibility of a resurgence of the Taliban and Al Qaeda? (Episode-1)


US President Joe Biden recently announced the withdrawal of all troops from Afghanistan by September 11. Various discussions and criticisms have started about this. The withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan is now the headline of all media in the world. After the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban and al-Qaeda will reorganize there, which is a major threat to US security. Joe Biden also knows this.


Why did Joe Biden decide to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan despite the possibility of a resurgence of the Taliban and Al Qaeda?
Why did Joe Biden decide to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan despite the possibility of a resurgence of the Taliban and Al Qaeda?


Why did Joe Biden decide to withdraw all troops despite knowing this? I think we should know this answer without knowing it. So you have to do a lot of factor analysis. You need to know the system of government in Afghanistan, you need to know the long history of Afghans fighting against the imperialist powers for centuries before independence, you need to know how the Soviet-Afghan war started from the beginning of the post-independence civil war. It is important to know how the rise of the Taliban and Al Qaeda led to the launch of NATO attacks in Afghanistan against so-called militancy. So in today's post, the government system of Afghanistan is discussed in detail.


The first thing you need to know to understand the ongoing crisis and politics of a country is the system of government of that country. In fact, the government system of different countries is a very complex issue. The system of government of one country is not similar to that of another. The system of government in some countries is strange again. For example-


1. Afghanistan - The only failed state in South Asia, Afghanistan has a strange system of government. There is one president, two vice presidents. In other parts of the world, there is a vice president as the running mate of the president, but there are two vice presidents in Afghanistan.

2. Peru - In the Peruvian country of the Inca Empire in South America, there is a President, a Vice President, and a Prime Minister. That is why the Prime Minister of Peru is called the Premier, not the Prime Minister.

3. Japan - Japan, a country in the Far East of Asia, has an emperor, a prime minister, and a deputy prime minister.

4. Andorra - European country Andorra is ruled by three people together. Among them are a prime minister, a religious king, and an elected king. The prime minister is a citizen of Andorra, the religious king is from Spain, and the elected king is from France.


Now let's come to the system of government in Afghanistan

★★ Unitary System

Afghanistan is a unitary state. Unitary state means that despite the fact that Afghanistan is administratively divided into 34 provinces, all of these provinces are governed directly from the center (under the control of the president). The governors of the provinces are also appointed by the president himself. In other words, constitutionally the control of the whole country should be in the hands of the President. Despite Afghanistan being a unitary state, the country's provinces are no longer under the control of the central government or the president. Many provinces are under Taliban control. Since the sovereignty of the whole country is not under the control of the government, Afghanistan is called a failed state. The reverse of this Unitary System is the Federal System, where the provinces are autonomous. The United States, India, and Canada have federal systems.


The difference between Failed State and Fragile State.

A failed state is a state where control of the entire territory of the country is not in the hands of the state. If some part of the state is under the control of rebel or foreign power then it is a failed state. There are some differences between Failed State and Fragile State. A Fragile State is a government that fails to meet the basic needs and fundamental rights of its people, a country whose people live below the poverty line, a country that is corrupt, a country whose constitutional institutions are very weak, a country where insurgents and militant groups are active. Such a country is called a fragile state. Because of poverty, corruption, militancy, and weak institutions, countries can turn into failed states at any time.


★ Fragile State Index-2020

According to the Fragile State Index, the world's top five fragile states are:

1) Yemen. At the top of the Fragile State, the list is Yemen, a country of Huthi rebels.

2) In second place is Somalia, an African country where al-Shabab militants are active.

3) In third place is South Sudan, plagued by civil war.

4) In fourth place is Bashar al-Assad's Syria,

5) The fifth poorest country in Africa is DR Congo.


In fact, there is no universal definition of Fragile State and Failed State. Each one defines it individually. Some people think that there is no difference between the two.


Government Presidential Government

The presidential system is a system of government where the head of government is the president. In other words, this president is the head of the administration department. The system of government in Afghanistan is presidential. There are such presidential governments in the world in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Benin, Bolivia, Chad, and other countries. The basic difference between the parliamentary system and the presidential system of government is that in a parliamentary system of government, the prime minister is the head of government and administration. Such as Bangladesh, Norway, Denmark, Japan, United Kingdom, etc. In such a system, even if there is a president along with the prime minister, the president does not have much power or work. But Japan is the only exceptional country that despite having a parliamentary system, the prime minister is not the head of government but the emperor.


Two vice presidents together ★★

We generally know that a vice president has a running mate, as in the United States. But the strange and funny thing about the system of government in Afghanistan is that there are two vice presidents together (their surnames are first vice president, second vice president). The current president is Ashraf Ghani. Prior to the election, the presidential candidate chose two of his running mates as vice presidents. Like the president, two vice presidents have to win the election. Amrullah Saleh is currently the 1st Vice President of Afghanistan and Sarwar Dennis is the 2nd Vice President. Any decision in the country is usually made by the president in consultation with these two vice presidents.


★★ Islamic Republic

There are four democratic countries in the world governed by Islamic rules or Sharia law. One of them is Afghanistan.

1. Pakistan is the first Islamic state in the world. The 1956 constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic republic.

2. As a second state, Mauritania declared itself an Islamic republic in 1956.

3. Iran is the third Islamic republic. With the fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty in 1979, Iran became an Islamic republic through the Iranian Revolution.

4. Afghanistan drafted a new constitution in 2004 after the fall of the Taliban government. There, Afghanistan was recognized as an Islamic republic.


The difference between the Islamic Republic and Islamic Monarchy

In the Islamic Republic, there is a democracy, even if only in the name of Atlist. Democracy here does not mean liberal democracy. These Islamic republics have Electoral Democracy. Although not all the features of democracy, regular elections are held in the countries. This Islamic Republic is again different from the "Islamic Monarchy". Islamic monarchy or monarchy is where there is Islamic or Sharia law but the country is governed by the king. The "Islamic Monarchy" in the world includes Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Morocco, Jordan, etc.


As I could not write a complete post today due to illness, I wrote only about the government system. The second episode will be posted soon. The second phase will detail the rise of Afghanistan as a state, the Anglo-American War, the Afghan-Soviet War, the rise of the Taliban and Al Qaeda, the US-Taliban War, and why Joe Biden decided to withdraw all troops from Afghanistan. I will link the second episode with the comments in this post. So write the Following and comment.


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